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Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a group of abnormal cells. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] While they are a form of neoplasm , [ 3 ] there is disagreement over whether CIS should be classified as cancer . This controversy also depends on the exact CIS in question (e.g., cervical, skin, breast).
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), also known as intraductal carcinoma, is a pre-cancerous or non-invasive cancerous lesion of the breast. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] DCIS is classified as Stage 0. [ 3 ] It rarely produces symptoms or a breast lump that can be felt, typically being detected through screening mammography .
Carcinoma in situ is categorized stage 0; often tumors localized to the organ of origin are staged as I or II depending on the extent, locally extensive spread, to regional nodes are staged as III, and those with distant metastasis staged as stage IV. However, in some tumor types stage groups do not conform to this simplified schema.
Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the lung —previously included in the category of "bronchioloalveolar carcinoma" (BAC)—is a subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. It tends to arise in the distal bronchioles or alveoli and is defined by a non-invasive growth pattern.
According to the Mayo Clinic, ductal carcinoma in situ "has a low risk of spreading and becoming life-threatening," and treatment can involve surgery, radiation therapy or hormone therapy.
Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. [1] Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal, mesodermal [2] or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis.
Comedocarcinoma is a kind of breast cancer that demonstrates comedonecrosis, which is the central necrosis [1] of cancer cells within involved ducts. Comedocarcinomas are usually non-infiltrating and intraductal tumors, characterized as a comedo-type, high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
This system uses numerals I, II, III, and IV (plus the 0) to describe the progression of cancer. Stage 0: carcinoma in situ, abnormal cells growing in their normal place ("in situ" from Latin for "in its place"). Stage 0 can also mean no remaining cancer after preoperative treatment in some cancers (e.g. colorectal cancer).