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The standard form of the Omega ratio is a non-convex function, but it is possible to optimize a transformed version using linear programming. [4] To begin with, Kapsos et al. show that the Omega ratio of a portfolio is: = [() +] + The optimization problem that maximizes the Omega ratio is given by: [() +], (), =, The objective function is non-convex, so several ...
An estimation of the CAPM and the security market line (purple) for the Dow Jones Industrial Average over 3 years for monthly data.. In finance, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is a model used to determine a theoretically appropriate required rate of return of an asset, to make decisions about adding assets to a well-diversified portfolio.
This equation relates an asset's expected return () to the asset's sensitivity to the market portfolio return . The market return is defined as the wealth-weighted sum of all investment returns in the economy.
Investment theory, which is near synonymous, encompasses the body of knowledge used to support the decision-making process of choosing investments, [4] [5] and the asset pricing models are then applied in determining the asset-specific required rate of return on the investment in question, and for hedging.
In macroeconomics, investment "consists of the additions to the nation's capital stock of buildings, equipment, software, and inventories during a year" [1] or, alternatively, investment spending — "spending on productive physical capital such as machinery and construction of buildings, and on changes to inventories — as part of total spending" on goods and services per year.
The economics of defense or defense economics is a subfield of economics, an application of the economic theory to the issues of military defense. [1] It is a relatively new field. An early specialized work in the field is the RAND Corporation report The Economics of Defense in the Nuclear Age by Charles J. Hitch and Roland McKean ( [2] 1960 ...
The Department of Defense Office of Strategic Capital (OSC) appears “too cozy” with private investment firms and may lack the proper guardrails to prevent conflicts of interest, Sen. Elizabeth ...
"Investment" is a broader concept that includes investment in all kinds of capital assets, whether physical property or financial assets. In its statistical meaning, capital formation does not include financial assets such as stocks and securities. Secondly, capital formation may be used synonymously with the notion of capital accumulation in ...