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MADRE over-the-horizon radar at the NRL's Chesapeake Bay Detachment U.S. Navy Relocatable Over-the-Horizon Radar station. The most common type of OTH radar, OTH-B (backscatter), [3] uses skywave or "skip" propagation, in which shortwave radio waves are refracted off an ionized layer in the atmosphere, the ionosphere, and return to Earth some distance away.
An over-the-horizon radar sited in the USSR would help solve this problem, and work on such a system for this associated role started in the late 1960s. The first experimental system, Duga, was built outside Mykolaiv in Ukraine , successfully detecting rocket launches from Baikonur Cosmodrome at 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi).
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Cobra Mist was the codename for an Anglo-American experimental over-the-horizon radar station at Orford Ness, England. [a] It was known technically as AN/FPS-95 and sometimes referred to as System 441a; a reference to the project as a whole. Cobra Mist was part of a small number of "Cobra" long-range surveillance radars operated by the United ...
The Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN) is an over-the-horizon radar (OHR) network operated by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) that can monitor air and sea movements across 37,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi). [citation needed] It has a normal operating range of 1,000–3,000 kilometres (620–1,860 mi). [1]
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Container (29B6) radar (Russian: 29Б6 «Контейнер») is the new generation of Russian over-the-horizon radar, providing long distance airspace monitoring and ballistic missile detection. The first radar, near Kovylkino , Mordovia , Russia , became operational in December 2013 [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and entered combat duty on 1 December ...
The radar horizon with an antenna height of 75 feet (23 m) over the ocean is 10-mile (16 km). However, since the pressure and water vapor content of the atmosphere varies with height, the path used by the radar beam is refracted by the change in density. With a standard atmosphere, electromagnetic waves are generally bent or refracted downward.