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A lockout is a work stoppage or denial of employment initiated by the management of a company during a labor dispute. [1] In contrast to a strike , in which employees refuse to work, a lockout is initiated by employers or industry owners.
The fighting words doctrine, in United States constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. In 1942, the U.S. Supreme Court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in Chaplinsky v.
Employers may put pressure on a union by declaring a lockout, a work stoppage in which an employer prevents employees from working until certain conditions are met. A lockout changes the psychological impact of a work stoppage and, if the company possesses information about an impending strike, can be enacted prior to the strike's implementation.
A U.S. National Labor Relations Board administrative law judge has ruled Exxon Mobil's 10-month-long lockout of some 600 union workers at a Texas oil refinery during a contract dispute was legal.
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Fighting words, as defined by the Court, is speech that "tend[s] to incite an immediate breach of the peace" by provoking a fight, so long as it is a "personally abusive [word] which, when addressed to the ordinary citizen, is, as a matter of common knowledge, inherently likely to provoke a violent reaction". [38]
An illegal lockout is an unlawful eviction. It comes in many forms. It can be landlords changing the locks or cutting utilities to try to force a tenant out. It can be city police ordering a ...
Lockout may refer to: Lockout (industry) , a type of work stoppage Dublin Lockout , a major industrial dispute between approximately 20,000 workers and 300 employers 1913 - 1914