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The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), bicarbonate ion (HCO − 3 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum , among other tissues, to support proper metabolic function. [ 1 ]
Recall that the relationship represented in a Davenport diagram is a relationship between three variables: P CO 2, bicarbonate concentration and pH.Thus, Fig. 7 can be thought of as a topographical map—that is, a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional surface—where each isopleth indicates a different partial pressure or “altitude.”
These buffers include the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system, and the protein buffer system. [7] Respiratory component: The second line of defense is rapid consisting of the control the carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3) concentration in the ECF by changing the rate and depth of breathing by hyperventilation or hypoventilation.
The loss of accuracy during more intense anaerobic exercise is among others due to factors including the bicarbonate buffer system. The body tries to compensate for the accumulation of lactate and minimize the acidification of the blood by expelling more CO 2 through the respiratory system. [5] The RER can exceed 1.0 during intense exercise.
The bicarbonate buffer system regulates the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate to be equal to 1:20, at which ratio the blood pH is 7.4 (as explained in the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation). A change in the plasma pH gives an acid–base imbalance. In acid–base homeostasis there are two mechanisms that can help regulate the pH.
Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.
The renal compensation process usually takes a few days to complete as it is dependent upon changes in the reabsorption of bicarbonate. [4] End-staged renal diseases as well as chronic kidney diseases increase the overall risk of individuals developing pneumonia due to the interactions between the kidneys and the lungs. [ 3 ]
The oceans buffer system is known as the carbonate buffer system. [12] The carbonate buffer system is a series of reactions that uses carbonate as a buffer to convert into bicarbonate. [12] The carbonate buffer reaction helps maintain a constant H+ concentration in the ocean because it consumes hydrogen ions, [13] and thereby maintains a ...