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DMDM hydantoin is an antimicrobial formaldehyde releaser preservative with the trade name Glydant. DMDM hydantoin is an organic compound belonging to a class of compounds known as hydantoins. It is used in the cosmetics industry and found in products like shampoos, hair conditioners, hair gels, and skin care products. [2] [3]
Propylparaben is a stable and non-volatile compound with antimicrobial properties and has been used as preservatives in food for over 50 years. [4] It is typically used in a variety of water-based cosmetics and personal-care products. [13] it is a white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 202.18 amu. [14]
The personal skin care market based on natural products has shown strong growth. [7] Clinical and laboratory studies have identified activities in many natural ingredients that have potential beneficial activities for personal skin care, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] but there is a shortage of convincing evidence for natural product efficacy in medical problems.
Castor oil and its derivatives are found in many cosmetics as it is "non-comedogenic" (does not exacerbate or contribute to acne). [3]Cerebrosides (cells from the nervous systems of cattle or swine) were once used in some high-end skin-care products to increase moisture retention and to create a smooth skin surface, [4] however the BSE controversy has put an end to this practice.
Paraben discharge into the environment is common due to its ubiquitous use in cosmetic products. A 2010 study on consumer available personal care products revealed that 44% of the tested products contain parabens. [17] When washing these products off the human body, they flow down the drain and into community wastewater.
Also used in cosmetics and skin care products. Azodicarbonamide – flour bleaching agent. Also used in the production of foamed plastics and the manufacture of gaskets. Banned as a food additive in Australia and Europe. Azorubine – color (red) (FDA: Ext D&C Red #10)
It has been used in cosmetic products since the 1940s and in pharmaceutical products since 1924. [6] The popularity of butylparaben in these products is due to its low toxicity in humans and its effective antimicrobial properties, in particular those against mold and yeast. [ 7 ]
Levels of 200–300 p.p.m. formaldehyde in cosmetic products can cause contact dermatitis in short-term use on normal skin. [13] A patch test study found that DMDM hydantoin in cosmetic products could increase the risk of cosmetic dermatitis. [13] Some people have a contact allergy to imidazolidinyl urea causing dermatitis. [14]