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However, it is possible for directional selection to take a very long time to find a local optimum on a fitness landscape. [29] A possible example of long-term directional selection is the tendency of proteins to become more hydrophobic over time, [30] and to have their hydrophobic amino acids more interspersed along the sequence. [31]
Examples: The thumb is on the radial side of the hand (the same as saying the lateral side); the ulnar side of the wrist is the side toward the little finger (medial side). Ventral and dorsal , which describe structures derived from the front (ventral) and back (dorsal) of the embryo , before limb rotation.
For example, in a typical gene a start codon (5′-ATG-3′) is a DNA sequence within the sense strand. Transcription begins at an upstream site (relative to the sense strand), and as it proceeds through the region it copies the 3′-TAC-5′ from the template strand to produce 5′-AUG-3′ within a messenger RNA (mRNA).
These terms come from the Latin words with the same meaning. [a] Flexion is a bending movement that decreases the angle between a segment and its proximal segment. [9] For example, bending the elbow, or clenching a hand into a fist, are examples of flexion. When a person is sitting down, the knees are flexed.
For example, the stomach is covered with a lining called the visceral peritoneum, as opposed to the parietal peritoneum. Viscus can also be used to mean "organ". [57] For example, the stomach is a viscus within the abdominal cavity, and visceral pain refers to pain originating from internal organs.
For example, the pronator teres muscle of the forearm. Unipennate muscles have fibres that run the entire length of only one side of a muscle, like a quill pen. For example, the fibularis muscles. Bipennate muscles consist of two rows of oblique muscle fibres, facing in opposite diagonal directions, converging on a central tendon.
This is largely because the results of disruptive selection are less stable than the results of directional selection (directional selection favors individuals at only one end of the spectrum). For example, let us take the mathematically straightforward yet biologically improbable case of the rabbits: Suppose directional selection were taking ...
Some examples are bacteriorhodopsin and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria. See also: phytochrome and phototropism . Most prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) are unable to sense the direction of light, because at such a small scale it is very difficult to make a detector that can distinguish a single light direction.