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Blood is denser than water and 1 mL of blood has a mass of approximately 1.055 grams, thus a mass-volume BAC of 1 g/L corresponds to a mass-mass BAC of 0.948 mg/g. Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Germany, and Switzerland use mass-mass concentrations in their laws, [ 6 ] but this distinction is often skipped over in public materials, [ 12 ...
Earlier studies found mean elimination rates of 15 mg/dL per hour for men and 18 mg/dL per hour for women, [6] [4] but Jones found 0.148 g/L/h and 0.156 g/L/h respectively. Although the difference between sexes is statistically significant, it is small compared to the overall uncertainty, so Jones recommends using the value 0.15 for the mean ...
In the article there is a section that suggests the BAC can be calculated directly as a percentage of body water, i.e alcohol consumed divided by body water content. For example 40 ml of alcohol weighs approximately 32 grams, and for a man of 70 kg with body water content of 58% the BAC calculation is: (100 x 32/40600) or 0.079% w/w.
Alcohol affects males and females differently because of difference in body fat percentage and water content. On average, for equal body weight, women have a higher body fat percentage than men. Since alcohol is absorbed into body water content, and men have more water in their bodies than women, for women there will be a higher blood alcohol ...
The osmol gap is typically calculated with the following formula (all values in mmol/L): = = ([+] + [] + []) In non-SI laboratory units: Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mg/dL] / 18 + [BUN mg/dL] / 2.8 + [ethanol/3.7] [3] (note: the values 18 and 2.8 convert mg/dL into mmol/L; the molecular weight of ethanol is 46, but empiric data shows that it does not act as an ideal ...
Alcohol may be metabolised more slowly if liver function is impaired. [24] For other countries, it may be easiest to convert to UK units. For example, in the United States one standard drink contains 14 grams ≈ 1.75 units of alcohol, and so a US standard drink takes the body about an hour and three-quarters to process. Blood alcohol content ...
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a standard measure of the volume of alcohol contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage, expressed as a volume percent. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is defined as the number of millilitres (mL) of pure ethanol present in 100 mL (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz) of solution at 20 °C (68 °F).
Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for Blood Alcohol Concentration, where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood. [8] Promille is used in the legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰. [9]