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The history of autism spans over a century; [1] autism has been subject to varying treatments, being pathologized or being viewed as a beneficial part of human neurodiversity. [2] The understanding of autism has been shaped by cultural, scientific, and societal factors, and its perception and treatment change over time as scientific ...
In the 19th century, it acquired a meaning more closely related to biological deformities, mostly in the field of botany. Currently, its most instrumental meaning is that of the medical study of teratogenesis, congenital malformations or individuals with significant malformations. Historically, people have used many pejorative terms to describe ...
Autism rights movement (ARM) – (a subset of the neurodiversity movement, also known as the anti-cure movement or autistic culture movement) is a social movement that encourages autistic people, their caregivers and society to adopt a position of neurodiversity, accepting autism as a variation in functioning rather than a mental disorder to be ...
NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity is a book by Steve Silberman that discusses autism and neurodiversity [1] from historic, scientific, and advocacy-based perspectives. Neurotribes was awarded the Samuel Johnson Prize in 2015, [2] [3] and has received wide acclaim from both the scientific and the popular press.
Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11] Sensory abnormalities are also included in the diagnostic manuals ...
Throughout the 19th century and until the beginning of the 20th century, most alienists considered the idiot as the last degree of hereditary degeneration, following the eugenic ideas in force. [65] With Itard, Édouard Séguin (1812–1880) was one of the first to take an interest in these people, and to provide descriptions of individuals who ...
As autoantibodies are found in diseases other than autism, and are not always present in autism, [104] the relationship between immune disturbances and autism remains unclear and controversial. [105] A 2015 systematic review and meta-analysis found that children with a family history of autoimmune diseases were at a greater risk of autism ...
Societal and cultural aspects of autism or sociology of autism [1] come into play with recognition of autism, approaches to its support services and therapies, and how autism affects the definition of personhood. [2] The autistic community is divided primarily into two camps; the autism rights movement and the pathology paradigm.