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Feet of water is an alternative way to specify pressure as height of a water column; it is conventionally equated to 2,989.067 pascals (0.4335275 psi). [ 3 ] In North America , air and other industrial gases are often measured in inches of water when at low pressure.
2. Application of ASTM A53 Standard Pipes Steel Pipes ordered under this specification is intended for mechanical and pressure applications and is also acceptable for ordinary uses in steam, water, gas, and air lines. It is suitable for welding, and suitable for forming operations involving coiling, bending, and flanging. 3.
The number system, like Sch 40, 80, 160, were set long ago and seem a little odd. For example, Sch 20 pipe is even thinner than Sch 40, but same OD. And while these pipes are based on old steel pipe sizes, there is other pipe, like cpvc for heated water, that uses pipe sizes, inside and out, based on old copper pipe size standards instead of steel.
h f = head loss in meters (water) over the length of pipe; L = length of pipe in meters; Q = volumetric flow rate, m 3 /s (cubic meters per second) C = pipe roughness coefficient; d = inside pipe diameter, m (meters) Note: pressure drop can be computed from head loss as h f × the unit weight of water (e.g., 9810 N/m 3 at 4 deg C)
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...
The force per unit volume on a fluid in a gravitational field is equal to ρg where ρ is the density of the fluid, and g is the gravitational acceleration. On Earth, additional height of fresh water adds a static pressure of about 9.8 kPa per meter (0.098 bar/m) or 0.433 psi per foot of water column height.