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In antiquity, the ancestors of the Somali people were an important link in the Horn of Africa connecting the region's commerce with the rest of the ancient world.Somali sailors and merchants were the main suppliers of frankincense, myrrh and spices, items which were considered valuable luxuries by the Ancient Egyptians, Phoenicians, Mycenaeans and Babylonians.
Map of Italian Somaliland in 1940, when was added the British Somaliland (after the previous addition of the Ogaden in 1936) On 9 May 1936, Mussolini proclaimed the creation of the Italian Empire, calling it the Africa Orientale Italiana (A.O.I.) and formed by Ethiopia, Eritrea and Italian Somaliland (called officially "Somalia italiana").
Somalia has an estimated population of 18.1 million, [16] [17] [18] of which 2.7 million live in the capital and largest city, Mogadishu. Around 85% of Somalia's residents are ethnic Somalis; the official languages of the country are Somali and Arabic, though Somali is the primary language. Somalia has historic and religious ties to the Arab ...
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Ptolemy's world map of the 2nd century already had a reasonably precise description of southern and western Europe, but was unaware of particulars of northern and eastern Europe. Medieval maps such as the Hereford Mappa Mundi still assumed that Scandinavia was an island.
The Somalia region, from the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century AD) Proto-Somalis were the ancient people and ancestors of Somalis who lived in present-day Somalia. [ 1 ] Literature on proto-Somalis largely uses a time-frame pertaining to the 1st millennium BC and 1st millennium AD.
Barbaria was the name used by the ancient Greeks for coastal northeast Africa. The corresponding Arabic term, bilad al-Barbar (land of the Barbar), was used in the Middle Ages. [1] The name of Barbaria is preserved today in the name of the Somali city of Berbera, [1] the city known to the Greeks as Malao. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Somalia accepted the convention in 2020, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list. As of 2025 [update] , Somalia recorded three sites on its tentative list. [ 2 ]