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2. Potassium sulfate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_sulfate

   Potassium sulfate (K 2 SO 4) has been known since early in the 14th century.It was studied by Glauber, Boyle, and Tachenius.In the 17th century, it was named arcanuni or sal duplicatum, as it was a combination of an acid salt with an alkaline salt.

3. Potassium hydroxide - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_hydroxide

   ca(oh) 2 + k 2 co 3 → caco 3 + 2 koh Filtering off the precipitated calcium carbonate and boiling down the solution gives potassium hydroxide ("calcinated or caustic potash"). This method of producing potassium hydroxide remained dominant until the late 19th century, when it was largely replaced by the current method of electrolysis of ...

4. Hydration reaction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydration_reaction

   H 2 SO 4 + C 2 H 4 → C 2 H 5-O-SO 3 H. Subsequently, this sulphate ester is hydrolyzed to regenerate sulphuric acid and release ethanol: C 2 H 5-O-SO 3 H + H 2 O → H 2 SO 4 + C 2 H 5 OH. This two step route is called the "indirect process". In the "direct process," the acid protonates the alkene, and water reacts with this incipient ...

5. Table of specific heat capacities - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_specific_heat...

   For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to ...

6. Molar concentration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration

   This traditional unit is often called a molar and denoted by the letter M, for example: 1 mol/m 3 = 10 −3 mol/dm 3 = 10 −3 mol/L = 10 −3 M = 1 mM = 1 mmol/L. The SI prefix "mega" (symbol M) has the same symbol. However, the prefix is never used alone, so "M" unambiguously denotes molar.

7. Standard enthalpy of formation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_of_formation

   For many substances, the formation reaction may be considered as the sum of a number of simpler reactions, either real or fictitious. The enthalpy of reaction can then be analyzed by applying Hess' law, which states that the sum of the enthalpy changes for a number of individual reaction steps equals the enthalpy change of the overall reaction.