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The regional toponym Mesopotamia (/ ˌ m ɛ s ə p ə ˈ t eɪ m i ə /, Ancient Greek: Μεσοποταμία '[land] between rivers'; Arabic: بِلَاد ٱلرَّافِدَيْن Bilād ar-Rāfidayn or بَيْن ٱلنَّهْرَيْن Bayn an-Nahrayn; Persian: میانرودان miyân rudân; Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ Beth Nahrain "(land) between the (two) rivers") comes from the ...
The word is first recorded in English in a translation published in 1555. [ 160 ] Cathay , a former & literary name: " Khitai ", from Marco Polo's Italian Catai , used for northern but not southern China, ultimately from the Khitan endonym Kitai Gur ("Kingdom of the Khitai "), [ 161 ] possibly via Persian Khitan ( ختن ) or Chinese Qìdān ...
The Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae is an online dictionary and text corpus of the Egyptian language developed by the Research Centre for Primary Sources of the Ancient World at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (BBAW) in Berlin, Germany. Intended to be a complete documentation of the Egyptian lexicon, it encompasses varied ...
As used for Egyptology, transliteration of Ancient Egyptian is the process of converting (or mapping) texts written as Egyptian language symbols to alphabetic symbols representing uniliteral hieroglyphs or their hieratic and demotic counterparts. This process facilitates the publication of texts where the inclusion of photographs or drawings of ...
Ancient Egypt is an example of one of the first civilizations, building pyramids starting in the 3rd millennium BCE. [ 1 ] A civilization (also spelled civilisation in British English ) is any complex society characterized by the development of the state , social stratification , urbanization , and symbolic systems of communication beyond ...
Previously, scholars like Geoffrey Sampson argued that Egyptian hieroglyphs "came into existence a little after Sumerian script, and, probably, [were] invented under the influence of the latter", [23] and that it is "probable that the general idea of expressing words of a language in writing was brought to Egypt from Sumerian Mesopotamia".
god gal-gal-g̃u-ene-ra great- REDUP - 1. POSS - PL. AN - DAT dig̃ir gal-gal-g̃u-ene-ra god great-REDUP-1.POSS-PL.AN-DAT "for my great gods" The possessive, plural and case markers are traditionally referred to as "suffixes", but have recently also been described as enclitics or postpositions. Gender The two genders have been variously called animate and inanimate, [143] human and non-human ...
These names were not arbitrary: each Phoenician letter was based on an Egyptian hieroglyph representing an Egyptian word; this word was translated into Phoenician (or a closely related Semitic language), then the initial sound of the translated word became the letter's Phoenician value. [28]