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Takeoff safety speed. The speed at which the aircraft may safely climb with one engine inoperative. [7] [8] [9] V 2 min: Minimum takeoff safety speed. [7] [8] [9] V 3: Flap retraction speed. [8] [9] V 4: Steady initial climb speed. The all engines operating take-off climb speed used to the point where acceleration to flap retraction speed is ...
The takeoff decision speed V 1 is the fastest speed at which the pilot must take the first actions to reject the takeoff (e.g. reduce thrust, apply brakes, deploy speed brakes). At speeds below V 1 the aircraft can be brought to a halt before the end of the runway. At V 1 and above, the pilot should continue the takeoff even if an emergency is ...
A headwind will reduce the ground speed needed for takeoff, as there is a greater flow of air over the wings. Typical takeoff air speeds for jetliners are in the range of 240–285 km/h (130–154 kn; 149–177 mph). Light aircraft, such as a Cessna 150, take off at around 100 km/h (54 kn; 62 mph). Ultralights have even lower takeoff speeds.
Wing loading is a useful measure of the stalling speed of an aircraft. Wings generate lift owing to the motion of air around the wing. Larger wings move more air, so an aircraft with a large wing area relative to its mass (i.e., low wing loading) will have a lower stalling speed.
Rotation at the correct speed and to the correct angle is important for safety reasons and to minimise takeoff distance. [1] After rotation, the aircraft continues to accelerate until it reaches its liftoff speed V LO, at which point it leaves the runway. After liftoff, a speed V 2 will be called out, being the speed at which the aircraft is ...
V MCA is also used to calculate the minimum takeoff safety speed. [4] [5] A high V MCA therefore results in higher takeoff speeds, and so longer runways are required, which is undesirable for airport operators.
Conventional airplanes accelerate along the ground until reaching a speed that is sufficient for the airplane to takeoff and climb at a safe speed. Some airplanes can take off at low speed, this being a short takeoff. Some aircraft such as helicopters and Harrier jump jets can take off and land vertically. Rockets also usually take off ...
This is important for clearing an obstacle, and therefore is the speed a pilot uses when executing a "short field" takeoff. V X increases with altitude, and V Y decreases with altitude until they converge at the airplane's absolute ceiling. Best angle of climb (BAOC) airspeed for an airplane is the speed at which the maximum excess thrust is