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  2. Phenyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenyl_group

    The phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a functional group. A phenyl group has six carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal planar ring, five of which are bonded to individual hydrogen atoms, with the remaining ...

  3. Benzene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene

    The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon. Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals.

  4. Functional group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_group

    The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the rest of the molecule's composition. [1] [2] This enables systematic prediction of chemical reactions and behavior of chemical compounds and the design of chemical synthesis.

  5. Neighbouring group participation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbouring_group...

    In this type of substitution reaction, one group of the substrate participates initially in the reaction and thereby affects the reaction. A classic example of NGP is the reaction of a sulfur or nitrogen mustard with a nucleophile, the rate of reaction is much higher for the sulfur mustard and a nucleophile than it would be for a primary or secondary alkyl chloride without a heteroatom.

  6. Aryl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryl_group

    The simplest aryl group is phenyl, which is made up of a benzene ring with one of its hydrogen atom replaced by some substituent, and has the molecular formula C 6 H 5 −. Note that a phenyl group is not the same as a benzyl group, the latter consisting of a phenyl group attached to a methyl group and a molecular formula of C 6 H 5 CH 2 −. [2]

  7. Phenol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol

    Accounting for 95% of production (2003) is the cumene process, also called Hock process. It involves the partial oxidation of cumene (isopropylbenzene) via the Hock rearrangement: [8] Compared to most other processes, the cumene process uses mild conditions and inexpensive raw materials. For the process to be economical, both phenol and the ...

  8. Alkyne trimerisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyne_trimerisation

    An alkyne trimerisation is a [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction in which three alkyne units (C≡C) react to form a benzene ring. The reaction requires a metal catalyst. The process is of historic interest as well as being applicable to organic synthesis. [1] Being a cycloaddition reaction, it has high atom economy.

  9. Hydrodealkylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodealkylation

    Hydrodealkylation is a chemical reaction that often involves reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene, in the presence of hydrogen gas to form a simpler aromatic hydrocarbon devoid of functional groups. An example is the conversion of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to xylene. [1]