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Hitchhiker's thumb, also known as distal hyperextensibility of the thumb, is the condition of having a thumb that has a distal phalange that bends backwards in an angle of 90°. This condition is benign (when isolated) and does not cause pain or affect the thumb with the trait negatively.
abnormal plantar reflex: Kumar SP, Ramasubramanian D (December 2000). "The Babinski sign—a reappraisal". Neurol India. 48 (4): 314– 8. PMID 11146592: dorsiflexion of the hallux with fanning of the remaining phalanges upon soft stimulation of the lateral plantar surface of the foot Bainbridge reflex: Francis Arthur Bainbridge
The middle phalanges' (often those of the 2nd, 3rd and 5th digits of the hands) angel shape is caused by an abnormal development of the epiphysis, metaphysis, and diaphysis of said phalanges; the wings are formed by an abnormal dyaphysis, the angel's skirt is from a cone-shaped epiphysis, and the head is formed by an abnormal distal pseudoepophysis.
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is a medical condition combining clubbing and periostitis of the small hand joints, especially the distal interphalangeal joints and the metacarpophalangeal joints. Distal expansion of the long bones as well as painful, swollen joints [ 3 ] and synovial villous proliferation are often seen.
Gross clubbing – Thickening of the whole distal (end part of the) finger (resembling a drumstick) Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy – Shiny aspect and striation of the nail and skin; Schamroth's sign or Schamroth's window test (originally demonstrated by South African cardiologist Leo Schamroth on himself) [16] is a popular test for clubbing.
Pycnodysostosis also causes problems that may become evident with time. Aside from the broken bones, the distal phalanges and the collar bone can undergo slow progressive deterioration. Vertebral defects may permit the spine to curve laterally resulting in scoliosis. The dental problems often require orthodontic care and cavities are common.
Brachydactyly type D is a skeletal condition which exhibits a 'partial fusion or premature closing of the epiphysis with the distal phalanx of the thumb', according to Goodman et alia (1965). [6] J.K. Breithenbecher (1923) found that distal phalanges of short thumbs were one-half the length of full-length thumbs, while R.M. Stecher (1957 ...
This deformity is caused by a widening of the epiphyseal plate of the fifth finger's distal phalange. [12] Another proposed cause involves the abnormal insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus in the volar area of the fifth finger's distal phalange. [13] It is thought to be an autosomal dominant trait with reduced penetrance. [14]