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  2. List of common misconceptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions

    Contrary to the allegorical story about the boiling frog, frogs die immediately when cast into boiling water, rather than leaping out; furthermore, frogs will attempt to escape cold water that is slowly heated past their critical thermal maximum. The memory span of goldfish is much longer than just a few seconds. It is up to a few months long.

  3. Varieties of criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varieties_of_criticism

    The word "radical" derives from the Latin word "radix" ("root"). Thus, radical criticism means criticism that goes to the root of things, to the roots of the problem. Revolutionary criticism is criticism that aims to overturn or overthrow an existing idea or state of affairs. Thus, an existing idea may be turned upside down.

  4. Conventional wisdom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_wisdom

    Evidence-based medicine is a deliberate effort to acknowledge expert opinion (conventional wisdom) and how it coexists with scientific data. Evidence-based medicine acknowledges that expert opinion is "evidence" and plays a role to fill the "gap between the kind of knowledge generated by clinical research studies and the kind of knowledge necessary to make the best decision for individual ...

  5. Counterfactual thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfactual_thinking

    Counterfactual thinking is a concept in psychology that involves the human tendency to create possible alternatives to life events that have already occurred; something that is contrary to what actually happened.

  6. Confirmation bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias

    These biases contribute to overconfidence in personal beliefs and can maintain or strengthen beliefs in the face of contrary evidence. For example, confirmation bias produces systematic errors in scientific research based on inductive reasoning (the gradual accumulation of supportive evidence).

  7. Contrary to the allegorical story about the boiling frog, frogs die immediately when cast into boiling water, rather than leaping out; furthermore, frogs will attempt to escape cold water that is slowly heated past their critical thermal maximum. [71] The memory span of goldfish is much longer than just a few seconds. It is up to a few months long.

  8. Prescriptivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescriptivity

    The word implies that these judgments (and the prescription and condemnation) logically commit us to certain ways of living. Contrary to popular opinion, prescriptivity does not just describe or categorize decisions - for example, "you ought to do this" (used evaluatively) logically entails the imperative "do this."

  9. Self-concept - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-concept

    Academic self-concept refers to the personal beliefs about their academic abilities or skills. [15] Some research suggests that it begins developing from ages three to five due to influence from parents and early educators. [21] By age ten or eleven, children assess their academic abilities by comparing themselves to their peers. [32]