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The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic era.
Cartography of Europe. The earliest cartographic depictions of Europe are found in early world maps. In classical antiquity, Europe was assumed to cover the quarter of the globe north of the Mediterranean, an arrangement that was adhered to in medieval T and O maps . Ptolemy's world map of the 2nd century already had a reasonably precise ...
Reconstruction of an early world map made by Anaximander of the 6th century BCE, dividing the known world into three large landmasses, one of which was named Europe. The place name Evros was first used by the ancient Greeks to refer to their northernmost province, which bears the same name today.
From 1500 to the mid-20th century, 60–65 million people left Europe, of which less than 9% went to tropical areas (the Caribbean, Asia, and Africa). [ 38 ] From 1815 to 1932, 65 million people left Europe (with many returning home), primarily to areas of European settlement in North and South America , [ 39 ] in addition to South Africa ...
During the Weichselian glaciation, almost all of Scandinavia was buried beneath a thick permanent sheet of ice and the Stone Age was delayed in this region.Some valleys close to the watershed were indeed ice-free around 30 000 years B.P. Coastal areas were ice-free several times between 75 000 and 30 000 years B.P. and the final expansion towards the late Weichselian maximum took place after ...
Great Divergence. Maddison's estimates of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity in 1990 international dollars for selected European and Asian nations between 1500 and 1950, [1] showing the explosive growth of Western Europe and Japan in the 19th century. The Great Divergence or European miracle is the socioeconomic shift in which the ...
Demographics of Europe. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to the particular definition of Europe's boundaries. In 2018, Europe had a total population of over 751 million people. [1][2] 448 million of that live in the European Union and 110 million live in European Russia, Russia being the most populous country in Europe.
The concept of Central Europe was already known at the beginning of the 19th century, [49] but it developed further and became an object of intensive interest towards the 20th century. However, the first concept mixed science, politics, and economy – it was strictly connected with the aspirations of German states to dominate a part of ...