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  2. Ancient Egyptian race controversy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_race...

    Ancient Egyptian race controversy. The Ancient Egyptian classification of ancient peoples (from left to right): a Libyan, a Nubian, an Asiatic, and an Egyptian. Drawing by an unknown artist after a mural of the tomb of Seti I; Copy by Heinrich Menu von Minutoli (1820). In terms of skin colour, the Libyan has the lightest complexion, followed by ...

  3. Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-modern_conceptions_of...

    Whiteness has no enduring "true essence", but instead is a social construct that is dependent on differing societal, geographic, and historical meanings. [9][10] Scholarship on race distinguishes the modern concept from pre-modern descriptions, which focused on skin colour, complexion and other physical traits. [11]

  4. Color terminology for race - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_terminology_for_race

    In the 1730s, Carl Linnaeus in his introduction of systematic taxonomy recognized four main human subspecies, termed Americanus (Americans), Europaeus (Europeans), Asiaticus (Asians) and Afer (Africans). The physical appearance of each type is briefly described, including colour adjectives referring to skin and hair colour: rufus "red" and ...

  5. Human skin color - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin_color

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 16 September 2024. "Skin pigmentation" redirects here. For animal skin pigmentation, see Biological pigment. Extended Coloured family from South Africa showing some spectrum of human skin coloration Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. Differences in skin color among ...

  6. Ethnicity of Cleopatra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnicity_of_Cleopatra

    A bust of Cleopatra VII dated to 40–30 BC, now located at the Vatican Museums, showing her with a "melon" hairstyle and a Hellenistic royal diadem [1] The ethnicity of Cleopatra VII, the last active Hellenistic ruler of the Macedonian -led Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, has caused debate in some circles. [2][3] There is a general consensus among ...

  7. Fitzpatrick scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitzpatrick_scale

    The Fitzpatrick scale has been criticized for its Eurocentric bias and insufficient representation of global skin color diversity. [9] The scale originally was developed for classifying "white skin" in response to solar radiation, [2] and initially included only four categories focused on white skin, with "brown" and "black" skin types (V and VI) added as an afterthought.

  8. Genetic history of Egypt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Egypt

    A study published in 2017 by Schuenemann et al. extracted DNA from 151 Egyptian mummies, whose remains were recovered from Abusir el-Meleq in Middle Egypt. The samples are from the time periods: Late New Kingdom, Ptolemaic, and Roman. Complete mtDNA sequences from 90 samples as well as genome -wide data from three ancient Egyptian individuals ...

  9. Mummy brown - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mummy_brown

    Mummy brown, also known as Egyptian brown or Caput Mortuum, [1]: 254 [2] was a rich brown bituminous pigment with good transparency, sitting between burnt umber and raw umber in tint. [3] The pigment was made from the flesh of mummies mixed with white pitch and myrrh. [4][5] Mummy brown was extremely popular from the mid-eighteenth to the ...