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Reports of medication-induced akathisia from chlorpromazine appeared in 1954. [a] Later in 1960 there were reports of akathisia in response to phenothiazines (a related drug). [1] Akathisia is classified as an extrapyramidal side effect along with other movement disorders that can be caused by antipsychotics. [1]
If akathisia occurs, switching to an antipsychotic with a lower risk of akathisia may improve symptoms. [13] Beta blockers (like propranolol) are frequently used to treat akathisia. Other medications that are sometimes used include clonidine, mirtazapine, or even benzodiazepines. Anticholinergic medications are not helpful for treating ...
Often the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia are not apparent until the individual comes off of the antipsychotic drugs; however, when tardive dyskinesia worsens, the signs become visible. [24] Other dopamine antagonists and antiemetics can cause tardive dyskinesia, such as metoclopramide and promethazine, used to treat gastrointestinal disorders.
In other cases, psychomotor agitation can be caused by antipsychotic medications. For instance, akathisia , a movement disorder sometimes induced by antipsychotics and other psychotropics , is estimated to affect 15-35% of patients with schizophrenia.
Brexpiprazole, sold under the brand name Rexulti among others, is an atypical antipsychotic medication used for the treatment of major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. [11] [13] [14] The most common side effects include akathisia (a constant urge to move) and weight gain. [12]
Metoclopramide is a medication used to treat nausea, vomiting, gastroparesis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. [5] It is also used to treat migraine headaches. [6]Common side effects include feeling tired, diarrhea, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia.
Researchers discovered that more than 200 commonly used prescription drugs have depression or suicide listed as potential side effects. Study: Adults use medications that lead to depression and ...
According to a 2013 meta-analysis of the comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs it was the most prone of the 15 for causing extrapyramidal side effects. [29] With more than 6 months of use 14 percent of users gain weight. [44] Haloperidol may be neurotoxic. [45] Prolonged use of the drug can lead to mental dependence. [46]