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The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
In logical argument and mathematical proof, the therefore sign, ∴, is generally used before a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism. The symbol consists of three dots placed in an upright triangle and is read therefore. While it is not generally used in formal writing, it is used in mathematics and shorthand.
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula.
The form of a modus ponens argument is a mixed hypothetical syllogism, with two premises and a conclusion: . If P, then Q.; P.; Therefore, Q. The first premise is a conditional ("if–then") claim, namely that P implies Q.
Because sign: Therefore sign [ ] { } Brackets: Angle bracket, Parenthesis • Bullet: Interpunct ‸ ⁁ ⎀ Caret (proofreading) Caret (computing) (^) Chevron (non-Unicode name) Caret, Circumflex, Guillemet, Hacek, Glossary of mathematical symbols ^ Circumflex (symbol) Caret (The freestanding circumflex symbol is known as a caret in computing ...
The corresponding logical symbols are "", "", [6] and , [10] and sometimes "iff".These are usually treated as equivalent. However, some texts of mathematical logic (particularly those on first-order logic, rather than propositional logic) make a distinction between these, in which the first, ↔, is used as a symbol in logic formulas, while ⇔ is used in reasoning about those logic formulas ...
In general, an expression denotes or names a mathematical object, and plays therefore in the language of mathematics the role of a noun phrase in the natural language. An expression contains often some operators , and may therefore be evaluated by the action of the operators in it.
The expression "statistical proof" may be used technically or colloquially in areas of pure mathematics, such as involving cryptography, chaotic series, and probabilistic number theory or analytic number theory. [23] [24] [25] It is less commonly used to refer to a mathematical proof in the branch of mathematics known as mathematical statistics.