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  2. Power steering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering

    Power steering is a system for reducing a driver's effort to turn a steering wheel of a motor vehicle, by using a power source to assist steering. [1]Hydraulic or electric actuators add controlled energy to the steering mechanism, so the driver can provide less effort to turn the steered wheels when driving at typical speeds, and considerably reduce the physical effort necessary to turn the ...

  3. Rack and pinion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rack_and_pinion

    A rack and pinion has roughly the same purpose as a worm gear with a rack replacing the gear, in that both convert torque to linear force. However the rack and pinion generally provides higher linear speed — since a full turn of the pinion displaces the rack by an amount equal to the pinion's pitch circle whereas a full rotation of the worm screw only displaces the rack by one tooth width.

  4. List of auto parts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_auto_parts

    Power steering assembly and component; Rack end; Shock absorber; Spindle; Spring. Air spring; Coil spring; Leaf and parabolic leaf spring; Rubber spring; Spiral spring; Stabilizer bars and link; Steering arm; Steering box; Steering pump; Steering column assembly; Steering rack (a form of steering gear; see also rack and pinion and recirculating ...

  5. DIRAVI - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIRAVI

    Compare this with a conventional power steering system, which relies on the flexing of a strong spring to control the valve. The steering rack is almost conventional. As with a normal power-assisted steering setup, there is a rack-and-pinion, and a stepped hydraulic ram with a dividing plate (the piston) in the middle.

  6. Active steering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_steering

    The BMW active steering system consists principally of a power-assisted rack and pinion steering gear, a double planetary gear system in the steering column, and an electric actuating motor. [ 1 ] The double planetary gear system incorporates an input sun gear connected to the driver’s steering wheel, two planetary gears, an output sun gear ...

  7. Steer-by-wire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steer-by-wire

    Steer-by-wire without the use of a steering column was first offered in a production car with the Infiniti Q50 in 2013. [4] The system has a backup steering column separated from the steering wheel with a clutch. The clutch connects the steering wheel to the steering rack in case of failure of the electronic steering sensors or actuators. [2]