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Retinol improves skin texture and color caused by both aging and photoaging. “It works by surface cell exfoliation, reduction of hyperpigmentation and improvement of collagen,” explains Dr ...
Retinol, also called vitamin A 1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family that is found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [3] Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for vision, cellular development, maintenance of skin and mucous membranes, immune function and reproductive development. [3]
Intermediate steps are the creation of a 40-carbon phytoene molecule, conversion to lycopene via desaturation, and then creation of ionone rings at both ends of the molecule. β-carotene has a β-ionone ring at both ends, meaning that the molecule can be divided symmetrically to yield two retinol molecules. α-Carotene has a β-ionone ring at ...
These products are touted for their ability to reduce fine lines and wrinkles and stimulate collagen.
As far as skincare ingredients go, it’s hard to top retinol. Available in prescription and over-the-counter form under different names like retinoic acid, tretinoin, retinyl palmitate, and ...
Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol and palmitic acid, with formula C 36 H 60 O 2. It is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals. [2] An alternate spelling, retinol palmitate, which violates the -yl organic chemical naming convention for esters, is also frequently seen. [citation needed]