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Acetoacetyl-CoA synthase (EC 2.3.1.194, NphT7) is an enzyme with systematic name acetyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (decarboxylating). [1] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction. acetyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA + CoA + CO 2
ATP + Acetate + CoA → AMP + Pyrophosphate + Acetyl-CoA [1] Once acetyl-CoA is formed it can be used in the TCA cycle in aerobic respiration to produce energy and electron carriers. This is an alternate method to starting the cycle, as the more common way is producing acetyl-CoA from pyruvate through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Acetyl-CoA then enters the citric acid cycle, where the acetyl group is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, and the energy released is captured in the form of 11 ATP and one GTP per acetyl group. Konrad Bloch and Feodor Lynen were awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries linking acetyl-CoA and fatty acid ...
Two specific enzymes participate on the carbon monoxide side of the pathway: CO dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA synthase. The former catalyzes the reduction of the CO 2 and the latter combines the resulting CO with a methyl group to give acetyl-CoA. [2] [1] [3] Some anaerobic bacteria use the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway in reverse to break down acetate.
It is created from acetyl-CoA, a thioester, which reacts with the enolate of a second molecule of acetyl-CoA in a Claisen condensation reaction, [2] and it is acted upon by HMG-CoA synthase to form HMG-CoA. [1] During the metabolism of leucine, this last reaction is reversed. Some individuals may experience Acetoacetyl-CoA deficiency. [3]
In enzymology, an acetate CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acyl-CoA + acetate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } a fatty acid anion + acetyl-CoA Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and acetate , whereas its two products are long-chain carboxylate anion and acetyl-CoA .
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