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In North America, newer toilets have a 3 in (76 mm) flapper-flush valve. Older toilets have a 2 in (51 mm) flapper-flush valve. [7] The larger flapper-flush valve is used on toilets that use less water, such as 1.6 US gal (6.1 L) per flush. Some have a bell inlet for a faster more effective flush.
In 2008, a disinfectant was added to "kill 99.9% of bacteria flush after flush" in an apparent response to competitive pressures; Ty-D-Bol has claimed to "kill 99.9% of toilet bowl germs with every flush" since 1994 and crystal bowl cleaners have made claims to "kill millions of germs" since Sani-Flush's 1911 introduction.
When the handle of a flush toilet with a tank (British, cistern) is turned, a discharge mechanism is activated by means of a rod or chain. The mechanism may be a flapper valve, which is designed to sink more slowly than the water - allowing the water to exit to the toilet bowl below, so that the tank may empty.
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Crapper improved the S-bend trap in 1880. The new U-bend plumbing trap was a significant improvement on the "S" as it could not jam, and unlike the S-bend, it did not have a tendency to dry out and did not need an overflow. [7] The BBC nominated the S-bend as one of the 50 Things That (have) Made the Modern Economy. [8]
A vault toilet is a non-flush toilet with a sealed container (or vault) buried in the ground to receive the excreta, all of which is contained underground until it is removed by pumping. A vault toilet is distinguished from a pit latrine because the waste accumulates in the vault instead of seeping into the underlying soil.
The toilet has two buttons on the cistern rather than the single-flush one; one button delivers a lesser amount of water (eg. 3 litres) and the other a greater amount (eg. 6 litres). [7] It also uses a larger 10 cm trapway in the bowl, allowing for water to come out faster and clear the bowl efficiently.
Toilet rim blocks are marketed as disinfectants and deodorizers, while allegedly also helping to prevent the buildup of limescale in the toilet bowl.. The composition of toilet blocks can vary, but they may contain (among other components): borax (an ingredient of many detergents), hydroxyethylcellulose (a gelling agent), troclosene sodium (a disinfectant), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (a ...