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According to Vaishnavism, Shiva, who has the Shaivism school dedicated to his worship as the Supreme God, is the first and foremost Vaishnava, or follower of Vishnu. According to the tradition, Vishnuswami was fifteenth in the line of passing of the knowledge from teacher to student. The date of formation of the sampradaya is disputed.
Identification with and followership of sampradayas is not static, as sampradayas allows flexibility where one can leave one sampradaya and enter another or practice religious syncretism by simultaneously following more than one sampradaya. Samparda is a Punjabi language term, used in Sikhism, for sampradayas.
[230] [note 5] These four sampradayas emerged in early centuries of the 2nd millennium CE, by the 14th century, influencing and sanctioning the Bhakti movement. [ 68 ] The philosophical systems of Vaishnava sampradayas range from qualified monistic Vishishtadvaita of Ramanuja, to theistic Dvaita of Madhvacharya, to pure nondualistic ...
The major living Vaishnava sampradayas include: [27] [31] Sri Vaishnavism (Sri Vaishnava Sampradaya or Sri Sampradaya) is associated with the worship of the divine couple Lakshmi-Narayana. Adherents of this tradition subscribe to the philosophy of Vishishtadvaita. The principal acharyas of this tradition are Ramanuja and Vedanta Desika. [32]
Out of 52 sub-branches of Vaishnavism, divided into four Vaishnava sampradayas, 36 are held by the Ramanandi. [4] The sect mainly emphasizes the worship of Rama, Sita, Hanuman, and the avatars of Vishnu. They consider Rama and Sita as the Supreme Absolute who are not different from each other.
In Hinduism, the Brahma Sampradaya (IAST: Brahmā-sampradāya) is the disciplic succession of gurus starting with Brahma. [1] The term is most often used to refer to the beliefs and teachings of Madhvacharya, [2] his Dvaita Vedanta philosophy, and Sadh Vaishnavism, a tradition of Vaishnavism founded by Madhvacharya.
The Sri Vaishnava tradition attributes nine Sanskrit texts to Ramanuja [69] – Vedarthasamgraha (literally, "Summary of the Vedas meaning" [note 3]) Sri Bhasya (a review and commentary on the Brahma Sutras), Bhagavad Gita Bhashya (a review and commentary on the Bhagavad Gita), and the minor works titled Vedantadipa, Vedantasara, Gadya Traya ...
Four Vaishnava sampradays are considered to be of special significance based on the teachings of Ramanuja, Madhva, Vallabha, and Nimbarka. [3] The number of prominent Vedanta schools varies among scholars, with some classifying them as three to six. [12] [40] [60] [4] [f] [g] Bhedabheda, as early as the 7th century CE, [54] or even the 4th ...