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Birdshot chorioretinopathy is thought to be an autoimmune disease. The disease has strong association with the human leukocyte antigen haplotype (HLA)-A29, which is the strongest association between a disease and HLA class I documented (>99% of patients are HLA-A29 positive by molecular testing and HLA-A29-negative cases are controversial [1]).
Bird shot can mean either: Bird shot, an incident when a bird hits an aircraft. Birdshot, a kind of shotgun shell. Birdshot chorioretinopathy, a rare form of bilateral posterior uveitis affecting the eye.
Symptoms include blurred vision in both eyes, but the onset may occur at a different time in each eye. There are yellow-white placoid lesions in the posterior pole at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. Some suggest a genetic predisposition to the disease, while others postulate an abnormal immune response to a virus. [2]
Chorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid (thin pigmented vascular coat of the eye) and retina of the eye. It is a form of posterior uveitis. Inflammation of these layers can lead to vision-threatening complications. If only the choroid is inflamed, not the retina, the condition is termed choroiditis. [1]
The initial pointing errors during prism exposure occur in the same direction of the visual shift. For example, if the prismatic goggles displace the visual field to the right, the initial pointing errors would occur to the right of the visual target until a sensory-motor adaptation known as the ‘direct effect of prism adaptation’ occurs.
Common causes include welding with failure to use adequate eye protection such as an appropriate welding helmet or welding goggles. This is termed arc eye , while photokeratitis caused by exposure to sunlight reflected from ice and snow, particularly at elevation, is commonly called snow blindness . [ 5 ]
Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is an inflammatory retinopathy in the category of white dot syndromes typified by acute loss of one or more zones of outer retinal function associated with photopsia, minimal funduscopic changes and abnormal electroretinography findings.
Acute penetrating trauma from a close-range shotgun blast injury to knee. Birdshot pellets are visible in the wound, within the shattered patella. The powder wad from the shotgun shell has been extracted from the wound, and is visible at the upper right of the image. The four main components of extremities are bones, vessels, nerves, and soft ...