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Nutrition and pregnancy refers to the nutrient intake, and dietary planning that is undertaken before, during and after pregnancy. Nutrition of the fetus begins at conception. For this reason, the nutrition of the mother is important from before conception (probably several months before) as well as throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding.
A woman's breasts change during pregnancy to prepare them for breastfeeding a baby. Normal changes include: Tenderness of the nipple or breast; An increase in breast size over the course of the pregnancy; Changes in the color or size of the nipples and areola; More pronounced appearance of Montgomery's tubercles (bumps on the areola)
High levels of prolactin during pregnancy and breastfeeding also increase insulin resistance, increase growth factor levels (IGF-1) and modify lipid metabolism in preparation for breastfeeding. During lactation, prolactin is the main factor maintaining tight junctions of the ductal epithelium and regulating milk production through osmotic balance.
Prenatal development (from Latin natalis 'relating to birth') involves the development of the embryo and of the fetus during a viviparous animal's gestation.Prenatal development starts with fertilization, in the germinal stage of embryonic development, and continues in fetal development until birth.
Nutrition during pregnancy is important to ensure healthy growth of the fetus. [16] Nutrition during pregnancy is different from the non-pregnant state. [16] There are increased energy requirements and specific micronutrient requirements. [16] Women benefit from education to encourage a balanced energy and protein intake during pregnancy. [94]
Prenatal nutrition addresses nutrient recommendations before and during pregnancy. Nutrition and weight management before and during pregnancy has a profound effect on the development of infants . This is a rather critical time for healthy development since infants rely heavily on maternal stores and nutrient for optimal growth and health ...
A baby being breastfed Video summary of article with script. Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the process where breast milk is fed to a child. [1] [2] Infants may suck the milk directly from the breast, or milk may be extracted with a pump and then fed to the infant.
Breastfeeding also provides health benefits for the mother. It assists the uterus in returning to its pre-pregnancy size and reduces post-partum bleeding, through the production of oxytocin (see Production). Breastfeeding can also reduce the risk of breast cancer later in life.