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The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
Technical standards exist to provide glossaries of abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols that may be found on engineering drawings. Many corporations have such standards, which define some terms and symbols specific to them; on the national and international level, ASME standard Y14.38 [1] is one of the standards. Australia utilises the ...
Young's modulus is the slope of the linear part of the stress–strain curve for a material under tension or compression.. Young's modulus (or Young modulus) is a mechanical property of solid materials that measures the tensile or compressive stiffness when the force is applied lengthwise.
Symbol Name Meaning SI unit of measure nabla dot the divergence operator often pronounced "del dot" per meter (m −1) nabla cross the curl operator often pronounced "del cross" per meter (m −1) nabla: delta (differential operator)
After the neck has formed in the material, further plastic deformation is concentrated in the neck while the remainder of the material undergoes elastic contraction owing to the decrease in tensile force. The stress–strain curve for a ductile material can be approximated using the Ramberg–Osgood equation. [2]
For example, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of AISI 1018 Steel is 440 MPa. In Imperial units, the unit of stress is given as lbf/in 2 or pounds-force per square inch. This unit is often abbreviated as psi. One thousand psi is abbreviated ksi. A factor of safety is a design criteria that an engineered component or structure must achieve.
Tension (as a transmitted force, as an action-reaction pair of forces, or as a restoring force) is measured in newtons in the International System of Units (or pounds-force in Imperial units). The ends of a string or other object transmitting tension will exert forces on the objects to which the string or rod is connected, in the direction of ...
Isotropic tensile stress. Top left: Each face of a cube of homogeneous material is pulled by a force with magnitude F, applied evenly over the entire face whose area is A. The force across any section S of the cube must balance the forces applied below the section.