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Westphalian sovereignty is the concept of nation-state sovereignty based on territoriality and the absence of a role for external agents in domestic structures. It is an international system of states, multinational corporations , and organizations that began with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.
Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority. [1] [2] [3] Sovereignty entails hierarchy within a state as well as external autonomy for states. [4]In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the person, body or institution that has the ultimate authority over other people and to change existing laws. [5]
Historian Gordon S. Wood noted of the essay that the "doctrine of sovereignty almost by itself compelled the imperial debate to be conducted in the most theoretical terms of political science." [1] Johnson believed that "there must, in every society, be some power or other from which there is no appeal". As noted by Gordon Wood, this meant that ...
Popular sovereignty is the principle that the leaders of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political legitimacy. Citizens may unite and offer to delegate a portion of their sovereign powers and duties to those who wish to serve as officers of the state, contingent on the ...
The national interest is a sovereign state's goals and ambitions – be it economic, military, cultural, or otherwise – taken to be the aim of its government. [ 1 ] Etymology
When implied unity was absent, the nation-state often tried to create it. It promoted a uniform national language through language policy. The creation of national systems of compulsory primary education and a relatively uniform curriculum in secondary schools was the most effective instrument in the spread of the national languages.
Nor should a state be confused with a society; a society refers to all organized groups, movements, and individuals who are independent of the state and seek to remain out of its influence. [ 22 ] Neuberger offers a slightly different definition of the state with respect to the nation: the state is "a primordial, essential, and permanent ...
National self-determination appears to challenge the principle of territorial integrity (or sovereignty) of states as it is the will of the people that makes a state legitimate. This implies that people should be free to choose their own state and its territorial boundaries.