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A continuous bleaching range is a set of machines to carry out bleaching action. It consists of several compartments in which fabric moves from one side to another with the help of guide rollers and is treated with chemicals, heated, rinsed, and squeezed. Continuous bleaching is possible for the fabrics in open-width or rope form. [6] [7]
Kier boiling and ''Boiling off'' is the scouring process that involves boiling the materials with the caustic solution in the Kier, which is an enclosed vessel, so that the fabric can boil under pressure. [48] [49] [50] Open kiers were also used with temperatures below 100 °C (at atmospheric pressure). [46]
Scouring is a chemical washing process carried out on cotton fabric to remove natural wax and non-fibrous impurities (e.g. The remains of seed fragments) from the fibers and any added soiling or dirt. Scouring is usually carried in iron vessels called kiers. The fabric is boiled in an alkali, which forms a soap with free fatty acids ...
A major source of chemical bleaching is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) that contains a single bond, (–O–O–). When the bond breaks, it gives rise to very reactive oxygen specie, which is the active agent of the bleach. Around sixty percent of the world's hydrogen peroxide is used in chemical bleaching of textiles and wood pulp. [7]
Kier, the cylindrical-shaped vessel, straight, with egg-shaped ends made of boiler may have the capacity to process one to three tons of material at a time. [ 2 ] Kier boiling and ''Boiling off'' is the scouring process that involves boiling the materials with the caustic solution in the Kier, which is an enclosed vessel, so that the fabric can ...
Standardized testing for colour fastness and other parameters was established in the 20th century by industrialized economies such as the US, the UK, Japan, and Europe. The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Society of Dyers and Colourists played vital roles ...
Fabric softeners impart soft hand feel to the treated fabrics. [3] Silk surfacing a surface finishing of cotton to obtain an appearance similar to silk. [8] Plissé is chemical finish in which the fabrics are treated with sodium hydroxide to obtain a puckering effect. [9] Deweighting, or weight reduction, is a treatment for polyester to make it ...
CPB is a semi-continuous process [9] that uses a padding mangle to pad the fabric with dye liquor and a suitable alkali [for reaction and fixing]. After the roll is padded, it is immediately wound and wrapped. It is then batched or rotated continuously for 6–24 hours. This process is known as "pad-batch."