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Lactase persistence is very high among northern Europeans, especially Irish people. Worldwide, most people are lactase non-persistent, [1] and are affected by varying degrees of lactose intolerance as adults. However, lactase persistence and lactose intolerance can overlap.
The majority of humans actually follow this protocol as well, and down-regulate lactase production around 3-5 years of age. Interestingly, though, the majority of caucasians, mainly those from northern european background, continue to have elevated lactase activity all the way into adulthood, and so they exhibit “lactase persistence”.
Studies have linked the occurrence of lactase persistence to two different single-nucleotide polymorphisms about 14 and 22 kilobases upstream of the 5'-end of the LPH gene. [26] Both mutations, C→T at position -13910 and G→ A at position -22018, have been independently linked to lactase persistence. [27]
This form of lactose intolerance can occur in both infants and lactase persistent adults and is generally reversible. [29] It may be caused by acute gastroenteritis , coeliac disease , Crohn's disease , ulcerative colitis , [ 30 ] chemotherapy , intestinal parasites (such as giardia ), or other environmental causes.
Cancer of the stomach is difficult to cure unless it is found at an early stage (before it has begun to spread). Unfortunately, because early stomach cancer causes few symptoms, the disease is usually advanced when the diagnosis is made. [80] Treatment for stomach cancer may include surgery, [81] chemotherapy, [13] or radiation therapy. [82]
Many adult humans lack the lactase enzyme, which has the same function as β-galactosidase, so they are not able to properly digest dairy products. β-Galactose is used in such dairy products as yogurt, sour cream, and some cheeses which are treated with the enzyme to break down any lactose before human consumption. In recent years, β ...
Lactase: EC 3.2.1.23 : one member of the β-galactosidase family, breaks down milk sugars, and its absence in adulthood causes lactose intolerance: Debranching enzyme # EC 3.2.1.33: in mammals, yeast and some bacteria, combines transferase and glucosidase activity in glycogen breakdown Pullulanase: EC 3.2.1.41 : has been used as a detergent
Lactic acidosis is commonly found in people who are unwell, such as those with severe heart and/or lung disease, a severe infection with sepsis, the systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to another cause, severe physical trauma, or severe depletion of body fluids. [3]