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The Pacific Railway Act of March 3, 1863, specified that the federally funded transcontinental railroad was to use standard gauge, which helped to further popularize it among American railroads, although the standard gauge was already in use on many other lines prior to 1863.
The vast majority of North American railroads are standard gauge (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in / 1,435 mm). Exceptions include some streetcar, subway and rapid transit systems, mining and tunneling operations, and some narrow-gauge lines particularly in the west, e.g. the isolated White Pass and Yukon Route system, and the former Newfoundland Railway.
The most common use of the term "track gauge" refers to the transverse distance between the inside surfaces of the two load-bearing rails of a railway track, usually measured at 12.7 millimetres (0.50 inches) to 15.9 millimetres (0.63 inches) below the top of the rail head in order to clear worn corners and allow for rail heads having sloping ...
Standardized in East German NORMAT model railway standard collection. Z0 was originally introduced in Czechoslovakia in 1938. 35 mm: 1:30: 35 mm (1.378 in) 35 mm was in use in the 1930s and 1940s by several model railway manufacturers in Japan. 35 mm was introduced in the 1930s. Late 1940s 35 mm was replaced by O gauge. No. 2: 1:27: 2 in (50.8 mm)
Rail Baltica: Standard-gauge Rail Baltica railway is under construction and is scheduled to be completed by 2026. Cost studies have been undertaken for a potential overhaul of entire rail network to standard gauge. [41] Ethiopia: Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway; Addis Ababa Light Rail: 659 km (409 mi) Other standard gauge lines under construction ...
There are also some extreme narrow gauge railways listed. See: Distinction between a ridable miniature railway and a minimum gauge railway for clarification. Model railway gauges are covered in rail transport modelling scales. Train with model Southern Railway Schools class. Triple-gauge pointwork (3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in, 5 in, and 7 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) on ...
For example, North America uses the reference rail as the line rail which is the east rail of tangent track running north and south, the north rail of tangent track running east and west, the outer rail (the rail that is further away from the center) on curves, or the outside rails in multiple track territory. [6] For Swiss railroad, the ...
Former areas and states (such as Finland) of the Empire have inherited this standard. [1] However in 1970, Soviet Railways re-defined the gauge as 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 + 27 ⁄ 32 in). [2] With about 225,000 km (140,000 mi) of track, 1,520 mm is the second-most common gauge in the world, after 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge. [3]