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Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry, Elements.Euclid's approach consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms (postulates) and deducing many other propositions from these.
This postulate does not specifically talk about parallel lines; [1] it is only a postulate related to parallelism. Euclid gave the definition of parallel lines in Book I, Definition 23 [2] just before the five postulates. [3] Euclidean geometry is the study of geometry that satisfies all of Euclid's axioms, including the parallel postulate.
Euclid's axiomatic approach and constructive methods were widely influential. Many of Euclid's propositions were constructive, demonstrating the existence of some figure by detailing the steps he used to construct the object using a compass and straightedge. His constructive approach appears even in his geometry's postulates, as the first and ...
Although many of Euclid's results had been stated by earlier mathematicians, [7] Euclid was the first to show how these propositions could fit into a comprehensive deductive and logical system. [8] The Elements begins with plane geometry, still taught in secondary school as the first axiomatic system and the first examples of formal proof .
Relation to Euclid's postulates [ edit ] If "line" is taken to mean great circle, spherical geometry only obeys two of Euclid's five postulates : the second postulate ("to produce [extend] a finite straight line continuously in a straight line") and the fourth postulate ("that all right angles are equal to one another").
The axiomatic foundation of Euclidean geometry can be dated back to the books known as Euclid's Elements (circa 300 B.C.). These five initial axioms (called postulates by the ancient Greeks) are not sufficient to establish Euclidean geometry. Many mathematicians have produced complete sets of axioms which do establish Euclidean geometry.
Angle trisection is the construction, using only a straightedge and a compass, of an angle that is one-third of a given arbitrary angle. This is impossible in the general case. For example, the angle 2 π /5 radians (72° = 360°/5) can be trisected, but the angle of π /3 radians (60°) cannot be trisected. [8]
0 × 0 (1.99 MB) Mingshey~commonswiki == Description == Euclid's ''Elements'' (Ancient Greek) Compiled for anyone who would want to read the Euclid's work in Greek, especially in order to provide them a printer-friendly copy of the wor: 09:37, 16 April 2007: No thumbnail: 0 × 0 (1.84 MB) Mingshey~commonswiki: 이전 버전으로 ...