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Macro F1 is a macro-averaged F1 score aiming at a balanced performance measurement. To calculate macro F1, two different averaging-formulas have been used: the F1 score of (arithmetic) class-wise precision and recall means or the arithmetic mean of class-wise F1 scores, where the latter exhibits more desirable properties. [28]
To calculate the recall for a given class, we divide the number of true positives by the prevalence of this class (number of times that the class occurs in the data sample). The class-wise precision and recall values can then be combined into an overall multi-class evaluation score, e.g., using the macro F1 metric. [21]
An F-score is a combination of the precision and the recall, providing a single score. There is a one-parameter family of statistics, with parameter β, which determines the relative weights of precision and recall. The traditional or balanced F-score is the harmonic mean of precision and recall:
The precision of 10 / 10 + 990 = 1% reveals its poor performance. As the classes are so unbalanced, a better metric is the F1 score = 2 × 0.01 × 1 / 0.01 + 1 ≈ 2% (the recall being 10 + 0 / 10 = 1).
F1 score is even more unreliable in such cases, and here would yield over 97.4%, whereas informedness removes such bias and yields 0 as the probability of an informed decision for any form of guessing (here always guessing cancer).
By computing a precision and recall at every position in the ranked sequence of documents, one can plot a precision-recall curve, plotting precision () as a function of recall . Average precision computes the average value of p ( r ) {\displaystyle p(r)} over the interval from r = 0 {\displaystyle r=0} to r = 1 {\displaystyle r=1} : [ 7 ]
A classification model (classifier or diagnosis [7]) is a mapping of instances between certain classes/groups.Because the classifier or diagnosis result can be an arbitrary real value (continuous output), the classifier boundary between classes must be determined by a threshold value (for instance, to determine whether a person has hypertension based on a blood pressure measure).
The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.