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An excircle or escribed circle [2] of the triangle is a circle lying outside the triangle, tangent to one of its sides, and tangent to the extensions of the other two. Every triangle has three distinct excircles, each tangent to one of the triangle's sides.
Malfatti's assumption that the two problems are equivalent is incorrect. Lob and Richmond (), who went back to the original Italian text, observed that for some triangles a larger area can be achieved by a greedy algorithm that inscribes a single circle of maximal radius within the triangle, inscribes a second circle within one of the three remaining corners of the triangle, the one with the ...
When the area is at least as large as the circumcircle of the points, the solution is any circle of that area surrounding the points. For smaller areas, the optimal curve will be a circular triangle with the three points as its vertices, and with circular arcs of equal radii as its sides, down to the area at which one of the three interior ...
Three of them are the medians, which are the only area bisectors that go through the centroid. Three other area bisectors are parallel to the triangle's sides. Any line through a triangle that splits both the triangle's area and its perimeter in half goes through the triangle's incenter. There can be one, two, or three of these for any given ...
In every triangle a unique circle, called the incircle, can be inscribed such that it is tangent to each of the three sides of the triangle. [19] About every triangle a unique circle, called the circumcircle, can be circumscribed such that it goes through each of the triangle's three vertices. [20]
The tangential triangle of a reference triangle (other than a right triangle) is the triangle whose sides are on the tangent lines to the reference triangle's circumcircle at its vertices. [ 64 ] As mentioned above, every triangle has a unique circumcircle, a circle passing through all three vertices, whose center is the intersection of the ...
For a wide range of choices of the area parameter, the optimal solution to this problem will be a curved triangle whose three sides are circular arcs with equal radii. In particular, when the three points are equidistant from each other and the area is that of the Reuleaux triangle, the Reuleaux triangle is the optimal enclosure. [78]
The circumcenter is the point of intersection between the three perpendicular bisectors of the triangle's sides, and is a triangle center. More generally, an n -sided polygon with all its vertices on the same circle, also called the circumscribed circle, is called a cyclic polygon , or in the special case n = 4 , a cyclic quadrilateral .