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Red kidney beans contain relatively high amounts of phytohemagglutinin, and thus are more toxic than most other bean varieties if not soaked and then boiled for at least 10 minutes. The US Food and Drug Administration recommends boiling for 30 minutes to ensure they reach a sufficient temperature long enough to completely destroy the toxin. [ 4 ]
As a toxin, it can cause poisoning in monogastric animals, such as humans, through the consumption of raw or improperly prepared legumes, e.g., beans.Measured in haemagglutinating units (hau), a raw red kidney bean may contain up to 70,000 hau, but this is reduced to between 200 and 400 hau when properly cooked. [5]
The toxic compound phytohaemagglutinin, a lectin, is present in many common bean varieties but is especially concentrated in red kidney beans. White kidney beans contain about a third as many toxins as the red variety; broad beans (Vicia faba) contain 5 to 10% as much as red kidney beans. [7]
When you eat a half-cup of cooked, unsalted red kidney beans, the USDA FoodData Central says you'll consume about: 113 calories. 8 grams of protein. 20 grams of carbohydrates. 7 grams of fiber.
Some kinds of raw beans contain a harmful, flavourless toxin: the lectin phytohaemagglutinin, which must be destroyed by cooking. Red kidney beans are particularly toxic, but other types also pose risks of food poisoning. Even small quantities (4 or 5 raw beans) may cause severe stomachache, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Black beans and red kidney beans induce positive postprandial vascular responses in healthy adults: A pilot randomized cross-over study. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases.
Werner says pinto beans are native to North and Central America. "Pintos have a slightly nutty, creamy texture when cooked," Werner adds. Canned and dry pinto beans are available at the grocery store.
Lectins are one of many toxic constituents of many raw plants that are inactivated by proper processing and preparation (e.g., cooking with heat, fermentation). [30] For example, raw kidney beans naturally contain toxic levels of lectin (e.g. phytohaemagglutinin). Adverse effects may include nutritional deficiencies, and immune reactions.