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The distinction between the meaning of the terms citizenship and nationality is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers a person's legal belonging to a country and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state; citizenship refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation.
In 2015, 9,469 applications for Japanese citizenship were approved. The number of foreign residents in Japan applying to naturalize and obtain Japanese citizenship peaked in 2008 at more than 16,000, but declined to 12,442 in 2015. Processing of applications can take up to 18 months.
Visa requirements for Japanese citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Japan. From 2018 to 2022, Japanese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to the most countries and territories, [ 1 ] making the Japanese passport rank first in the world in terms of travel freedom ...
A foreign-born Japanese is a Japanese person of foreign descent or heritage, who was born outside Japan and later acquired Japanese citizenship.This category encompasses persons of both Japanese and non-Japanese descent.
Japanese citizenship is conferred jure sanguinis, and monolingual Japanese-speaking minorities often reside in Japan for generations under permanent residency status without acquiring citizenship in their country of birth, although legally they are allowed to do so.
The My Number Card (Japanese: マイナンバーカード, Hepburn: mai nanbā kādo), officially called the Individual Number Card in English, is an identity document issued to citizens of Japan and foreign residents which contains a unique 12-digit Individual Number (Japanese: 個人番号, Hepburn: kojin bangō) that serves as a national identification number. [1]
In accordance with the law that took effect in Japan in November 1991, Zainichi Koreans gained Special Permanent Resident status. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Although Special Permanent Residents are unable to vote in Japanese elections , they are usually afforded additional rights and privileges beyond those of normal Permanent Residents comparable to a citizen.
As part of its modernizing program, the Meiji state replaced the feudal class system with a much simpler set of status distinctions. In 1872, the koseki (), or family registry, system was established, requiring each family to register with the local government and notify authorities of births, marriages, adoptions, divorces, and deaths in the household.