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  2. Hardware abstraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_abstraction

    A hardware abstraction layer (HAL) is an abstraction layer, implemented in software, between the physical hardware of a computer and the software that runs on that computer. . Its function is to hide differences in hardware from most of the operating system kernel, so that most of the kernel-mode code does not need to be changed to run on systems with different hardwa

  3. HAL (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAL_(software)

    HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer or rather Hardware Annotation Library) is a software subsystem for UNIX-like operating systems providing hardware abstraction. HAL is now deprecated on most Linux distributions and on FreeBSD. Functionality is being merged into udev on Linux as of 2008–2010 and devd on FreeBSD.

  4. Microsoft Windows library files - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library...

    The Hardware Abstraction Layer in the architecture of Windows NT. The Windows Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) is implemented in hal.dll. [1] The HAL implements a number of functions that are implemented in different ways by different hardware platforms, which in this context, refers mostly to the chipset.

  5. Operating system abstraction layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_System...

    An operating system abstraction layer (OSAL) provides an application programming interface (API) to an abstract operating system making it easier and quicker to develop code for multiple software or hardware platforms. It can make an application less dependent on any one specific operating system.

  6. Kernel (operating system) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)

    Strictly speaking, an operating system (and thus, a kernel) is not required to run a computer. Programs can be directly loaded and executed on the "bare metal" machine, provided that the authors of those programs are willing to work without any hardware abstraction or operating system support. Most early computers operated this way during the ...

  7. Architecture of Windows NT - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_NT

    The Windows NT operating system family's architecture consists of two layers (user mode and kernel mode), with many different modules within both of these layers. The architecture of Windows NT, a line of operating systems produced and sold by Microsoft, is a layered design that consists of two main components, user mode and kernel mode.

  8. Microkernel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microkernel

    A virtualization layer underneath an operating system, which is more correctly referred to as a hypervisor. A hardware abstraction layer that forms the lowest-level part of a kernel, sometimes used to provide real-time functionality to normal operating systems, like Adeos.

  9. Abstract machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_machine

    The abstract machine supplied by the operating system, which is implemented by a program written in machine language, is located immediately above (or directly above the hardware if the firmware level is not there). On the one hand, the operating system extends the capability of the physical machine by providing higher-level primitives that are ...