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[1] The dominant international standard for Standard Mandarin since about 1982 has been Hanyu Pinyin, invented by a group of Chinese linguists, including Zhou Youguang, in the 1950s. Other well-known systems include Wade–Giles (Beijing Mandarin) and Yale romanization ( Beijing Mandarin and Cantonese ).
Hanyu Pinyin Bopomofo Tong-yong Wade– Giles MPS II Yale EFEO Lessing –Othmer Gwoyeu Romatzyh IPA Note Tone 1 Tone 2 Tone 3 Tone 4 a: ㄚ: a: a: a: a: a: a: a: ar: aa: ah: a: ai
Hanyu Pinyin is also used as the romanization system to teach Mandarin Chinese at schools. [41] While adoption has been mostly successful in government communication, placenames, and businesses established in the 1980s and onward, it continues to be unpopular in some areas, most notably for personal names and vocabulary borrowed from other ...
Hanyu Pinyin; Gwoyeu Romatzyh. Spelling conventions; Latinxua Sin Wenz; Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II; Tongyong Pinyin; Wade–Giles; Yale romanization; Lessing-Othmer; Simplified Wade; Comparison chart
Hanyu Pinyin (1958): In mainland China, Hanyu Pinyin has been used officially to romanize Mandarin for decades, primarily as a linguistic tool for teaching the standardized language. The system is also used in other Chinese-speaking areas such as Singapore and parts of Taiwan , and has been adopted by much of the international community as a ...
Modern Han Chinese consists of about 412 syllables [1] in 5 tones, so homophones abound and most non-Han words have multiple possible transcriptions. This is particularly true since Chinese is written as monosyllabic logograms, and consonant clusters foreign to Chinese must be broken into their constituent sounds (or omitted), despite being thought of as a single unit in their original language.
In Wade–Giles, an apostrophe is a part of the syllable, while in Pinyin it serves as a syllable delimiter. In Mandarin, the syllable delimiting apostrophe is referred to as a 隔音符号 (géyīn fúhào). Chinese Romanization: Pronunciation and Orthography gives the following rules for using the apostrophe in Hanyu Pinyin:
After a long debate, Hanyu Pinyin, the official romanization system used in the People's Republic of China, was planned to be the nationwide standard in Taiwan for 2009. [1] [2] While the national government and many provinces and cities adopted Hanyu Pinyin for use on signs, some places use Tongyong Pinyin and older systems.