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An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. [1] ... Digoxin Immune Fab antibody (Digibind and Digifab) Digoxin poisoning, Oleander ingestion [8]
Digoxin immune fab or digoxin-specific antibody is an antidote for overdose of digoxin. [3] It is made from immunoglobulin fragments from sheep that have already been immunized with a digoxin derivative, digoxindicarboxymethoxylamine (DDMA). Its brand names include Digibind (GlaxoSmithKline) and DigiFab (BTG plc).
The primary treatment of digoxin toxicity is digoxin immune fab, which is an antibody made up of anti-digoxin immunoglobulin fragments. This antidote has been shown to be highly effective in treating life-threatening signs of digoxin toxicity such as hyperkalemia, hemodynamic instability, and arrhythmias. [11]
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An antibody, such as IgG, can be digested by papain to produce three fragments: two Fab fragments and one Fc fragment. An antibody can also be digested by pepsin to produce two fragments: a F(ab') 2 fragment and a pFc' fragment. The fragment antigen-binding (Fab fragment) is a region on an antibody that binds to antigens, such as venoms
An antidote has been developed by the UK military, although as of 2006 it has not yet been tested on humans. [31] [32] As of 2005 another antidote developed by the US military has been shown to be safe and effective in lab mice injected with antibody-rich blood mixed with ricin, and has had some human testing. [33]
A monoclonal antibody can be produced without requiring human donors (and associated supply and disease risks) and would be more consistent from batch to batch. [8] India has approved a monoclonal formulation called Rhoclone (Bharat Serums and Vaccines Ltd.), [31] made from hybridoma cultures.
Each antibody binds to a specific antigen in a highly specific interaction analogous to a lock and key.. An antibody (Ab) or immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses, including those that cause disease.