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To allow mid-infrared observations within the JWST, the MIRI instrument has an additional cooling system. It works roughly similar to how most refrigerators or an air-conditioner works: a fluid is brought down to a cold temperature in the warm section, and sent back to the cold section where it absorbs heat, then it goes back to the condenser.
Figure 2: Left: (near X 2): a gas element enters the tube with temperature T L and leaves it with a lower temperature. Right: (near X 3): a gas element enters the tube with temperature T H and leaves it with a higher temperature. The part in between X 1 and X 3 is thermally insulated from the surroundings, usually by vacuum. The pressure varies ...
Nitrogen is a liquid under −195.8 °C (77.3 K).. In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.. The 13th International Institute of Refrigeration's (IIR) International Congress of Refrigeration (held in Washington DC in 1971) endorsed a universal definition of "cryogenics" and "cryogenic" by accepting a threshold of 120 K (−153 °C) to ...
A cryostat (from cryo meaning cold and stat meaning stable) is a device used to maintain low cryogenic temperatures of samples or devices mounted within the cryostat. Low temperatures may be maintained within a cryostat by using various refrigeration methods, most commonly using cryogenic fluid bath such as liquid helium . [ 1 ]
In 1990, the company acquired the industrial infrared imaging group of Hughes Aircraft Company. [12] In June 1993, the company became a public company via an initial public offering, raising $12 million. [13] [14] In January 1998, the company acquired Agema Infrared System of Sweden for approximately $80 million. [15] [16]
The cryogenic treatment process was invented by Ed Busch (CryoTech) in Detroit, Michigan in 1966, inspired by NASA research, which later merged with 300 Below, Inc. in 2000 to become the world's largest and oldest commercial cryogenic processing company after Peter Paulin of Decatur, IL collaborated with process control engineers to invent the world's first computer-controlled "dry" cryogenic ...