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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse and household dysfunction during childhood. The categories are verbal abuse, physical abuse, contact sexual abuse, a battered mother/father, household substance abuse, household mental illness, incarcerated household members, and parental separation or divorce.
Studies have associated family disruption to delinquency and drug use. According to a study conducted in 1999 by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) that studied the relationship between family types and levels of delinquency/drug use, the greater number of times children live through a divorce, the more delinquent they become. [5]
Research has shown that children who have experienced parental separation in early life often face developmental and behavioural difficulties through their childhood. [11] For example, the separation of parents/guardians impacts children's relationship with their parents, their education, their health, and their well being. [3]
The isolated family member (either a parent or child up against the rest of the otherwise united family.) Parent vs. parent (frequent fights amongst adults, whether married, divorced, or separated, conducted away from the children.) The polarized family (a parent and one or more children on each side of the conflict.)
A peaceful divorce has less of an impact on children than a contested divorce. [12] Contrary to some of the previous research, those with divorced parents were no more likely than those from intact families to regard divorce positively or to see it as an easy way of solving the problem of a failing marriage.
Richard A. Warshak (born December 18, 1949) is an American clinical and research psychologist and author. He is best known for his research and advocacy in the areas of child custody, shared parenting, and claims of parental alienation in the context of divorce.
From her research Wallerstein found that only 40% of children from divorce actually marry. [4] She discovered that the effects of divorce are more long lasting than most assume. [ 1 ] The age of child at the time of the divorce really matters, [ 1 ] the largest impact occurs during the period where the child of divorce is a young adult wanting ...
The effects of experiencing abuse from one's child can be profound. In the short term, ongoing parent abuse has been found to impact on a parent's and other family members' physical and psychological health, with specific negative emotions such as fear, shame, guilt and despair commonly reported. [401]