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The usual criterion (included in Light's criteria) is that a ratio of pleural LDH to serum LDH greater than 0.6 [33] or 2 ⁄ 3 the upper limit of the normal laboratory value for serum LDH [34] indicates an exudate, while a ratio of less indicates a transudate.
LDH-1 isozyme is normally found in the heart muscle and LDH-2 is found predominantly in blood serum. A high LDH-1 level to LDH-2 suggest MI. LDH levels are also high in tissue breakdown or hemolysis. It can mean cancer, meningitis, encephalitis, or HIV. This is usually back to normal 10–14 days. Aspartate transaminase (AST) This was the first ...
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is found in many body tissues, including the liver. Elevated levels of LDH may indicate liver damage. [18] LDH isotype-1 (or cardiac) is used for estimating damage to cardiac tissue, although troponin and creatine kinase tests are preferred. [19]
The ratio of pleural fluid LDH and serum LDH is greater than 0.6; Pleural fluid LDH is greater than 0.6 [24] or 2 ⁄ 3 [31] times the normal upper limit for serum. Different laboratories have different values for the upper limit of serum LDH, but examples include 200 [32] and 300 [32] IU/l. [33]
SERUM OSMOLARITY/RENAL: PMO = 300 PCO = 295 ... LDH = 100 TP = 7.6 AST = 25 TBIL = 0.7 ALP = 71 ... but there is greater variation in how these values are reported.
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
Serum LDH > 350 IU/L; Serum AST > 250 IU/L; WBC count > 16000 cells/mm 3; Within 48 hours: Serum calcium < 2.0 mmol/L (< 8.0 mg/dL) Hematocrit decreased by > 10%; Oxygen (hypoxemia with PaO 2 < 60 mmHg) BUN increased by 1.8 or more mmol/L (5 or more mg/dL) after IV fluid hydration; Base deficit (negative base excess) > 4 mEq/L; Sequestration of ...
Transudates have low protein (<30 g/L), low LDH, high pH, normal glucose, and fewer than 1 white cell per 1000 mm 3. Clinically, the most useful measure is the difference between ascitic and serum albumin concentrations. A difference of less than 1 g/dl (10 g/L) implies an exudate. [9]