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  2. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

    Pressure metamorphism occurs when sediments are buried deep under the ground; pressure is dominant, and temperature plays a smaller role. This is termed burial metamorphism, and it can result in rocks such as jade. Where both heat and pressure play a role, the mechanism is termed regional metamorphism.

  3. Sedimentary rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock

    Uluru (Ayers Rock) is a large sandstone formation in Northern Territory, Australia.. Sedimentary rocks can be subdivided into four groups based on the processes responsible for their formation: clastic sedimentary rocks, biochemical (biogenic) sedimentary rocks, chemical sedimentary rocks, and a fourth category for "other" sedimentary rocks formed by impacts, volcanism, and other minor processes.

  4. Rock cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_cycle

    This diamond is a mineral from within an igneous or metamorphic rock that formed at high temperature and pressure. The rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous.

  5. Formation of rocks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_of_rocks

    Igneous rocks can be seen at mid-ocean ridges, areas of island arc volcanism or in intra-plate hotspots. Metamorphic rocks once existed as igneous or sedimentary rocks, but have been subjected to varying degrees of pressure and heat within the Earth's crust. The processes involved will change the composition and fabric of the rock and their ...

  6. Coal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal

    Coal is a type of fossil fuel, formed when dead plant matter decays into peat which is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. [2] Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands called coal forests that covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian ...

  7. Geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology

    Igneous and sedimentary rocks can then be turned into metamorphic rocks by heat and pressure that change its mineral content, resulting in a characteristic fabric. All three types may melt again, and when this happens, new magma is formed, from which an igneous rock may once again solidify.

  8. Tectonic burial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_burial

    Tectonic Burial is the deformation of rocks caused by extreme pressure over millions of years. [1] It often causes temperature evolutions and deep burials. [2] Tectonic burial is usually the result of continental collisions or subduction in a region. [3]

  9. Contact (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_(geology)

    Igneous rockRock formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava; Metamorphic rockRock that was subjected to heat and pressure; Sedimentary rockRock formed by the deposition and cementation of particles; Structural geology – Science of the description and interpretation of deformation in the Earth's crust