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Black Canadian settlement and immigration patterns can be categorized into two distinct groups. The majority of Black Canadians are descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean and the African continent who arrived in Canada during significant migration waves, beginning in the post-war era of the 1950s and continuing into recent decades.
Indigenous Black Canadians is a term for people in Canada of African descent who have roots in Canada going back several generations. The term has been proposed to distinguish them from Black people with more recent immigrant roots.
In Canada, a visible minority (French: minorité visible) is defined by the Government of Canada as "persons, other than aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour". [1] The term is used primarily as a demographic category by Statistics Canada, in connection with that country's Employment Equity policies.
Black Canadians, numbering 198,610, make up 11.3% of Montreal's population, as of 2021, and are the largest visible minority group in the city. [1] The majority of Black Canadians are of Caribbean and of continental African origin, though the population also includes African American immigrants and their descendants (including Black Nova Scotians) [2]
Canada had also practiced segregation, and a Canadian Ku Klux Klan exists. [38] [39] Racial profiling occurs in cities such as Halifax, Toronto and Montreal. [40] [41] Black people made up 3% of the Canadian population in 2016, and 9% of the population of Toronto (which has the largest communities of Caribbean and African immigrants). [42]
This page lists Canadian citizens of full or partial Sub-Saharan African descent or West Indian origin who identify or would seem to identify themselves as Black Canadians. Subcategories This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total.
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The first recorded Black person in Canada was Mathieu da Costa. He arrived in Nova Scotia sometime between 1605 and 1608 as a translator for the French explorer Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts. The first known Black person to live in Canada was an enslaved person from Madagascar named Olivier Le Jeune (who may have been of partial Malay ancestry).