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For instance, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali al-Shalmaghani turned against al-Nawbakhti and claimed to be the rightful agent of al-Mahdi, before denouncing the concept of occultation as a lie. [ 77 ] [ 78 ] Another instance was a disciple of al-Askari, named al-Karkhi, who was later condemned in a rescript, said to be written by al-Mahdi.
Al-Askari died in 260 (873-874) without an obvious heir. [12] [13] Immediately after the death of the eleventh Imam, [14] his main representative, Uthman ibn Sa'id, [15] claimed that the Imam had an infant son, named Muhammad, [16] [14] who was kept hidden from the public out of fear of Abbasid persecution, [17] as they sought to eliminate an expected child of al-Askari, whom persistent rumors ...
Muhammad Al-Mahdi was the son of the founder of the Senussi Order, Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi.He was born in the town of Bayda in northern Cyrenaica, present day northeastern Libya, [2] He succeeded his father after his death as leader in 1859.
Mohammed El Senussi's great-grandfather and the eldest son of Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi, Muhammad al-Mahdi, succeeded his father as the Grand Senussi in 1859. Under his leadership, the Senussi Order spread to large parts of pagan and Islamic Africa, ultimately establishing approximately 146 zawaya and bringing the majority of Cyrenaica's ...
He was later succeeded by his son Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Amri, who held the office for some fifty years and died in 917. His successor Husayn ibn Rawh al-Nawbakhti was in the office until his death in 938. The next deputy, Ali ibn Muhammad al-Simari, abolished the office on the orders of the imam just a few days before his death in 941. [55] [56]
The throne then passed to al-Mansur's chosen successor, his son al-Mahdi. According to Marozzi, "[it] was, by the standards of the future, blood-soaked successions of the Abbasid caliphate, a model of order and decorum." [6] Al-Mahdi, whose nickname means "Rightly-guided" or "Redeemer", was proclaimed caliph when his father was on his deathbed.
The Twelvers hold that al-Askari had a son, commonly known as Muhammad al-Mahdi (lit. ' the rightly guided '), who was kept hidden from the public out of the fear of Abbasid persecution. Al-Mahdi succeeded to the imamate after the death of his father and entered a state of occultation.
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri succeeded Ibn Ruh as the fourth agent in 326 (937) and held the office for about three years. [49] In contrast to the third agent, less is known about the other three agents, including al-Samarri. [20] He is said to have received a letter from al-Mahdi shortly before his death in 329 (941).