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  2. Serum free light-chain measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_free_light-chain...

    A series of studies, principally from the Mayo Clinic, have indicated that patients with an abnormal free kappa to free lambda ratio have an increased risk of progression to active myeloma from precursor conditions including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), [32] [33] smouldering myeloma [34] and solitary plasmacytoma ...

  3. Immunoglobulin light chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_light_chain

    Once set, light chain class remains fixed for the life of the B lymphocyte. In a healthy individual, the total kappa-to-lambda ratio is roughly 2:1 in serum (measuring intact whole antibodies) or 1:1.5 if measuring free light chains, with a highly divergent ratio indicative of neoplasm. The free light chain ratio ranges from 0.26 to 1.65. [1]

  4. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia

    This disease most commonly affects individuals over the age of 65, due to the accumulation of genetic mutations that occur over time. [3] [20] CLL is rarely seen in individuals less than 40 years old. [19] Men are more commonly affected than women, although the average lifetime risk for both genders are similar (around 0.5-1%) .

  5. Nephelometry (medicine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephelometry_(medicine)

    Nephelometry is a technique used in immunology to determine the levels of several blood plasma proteins. For example, the total levels of antibodies isotypes or classes: Immunoglobulin M, Immunoglobulin G, and Immunoglobulin A. [1]

  6. Smouldering myeloma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smouldering_myeloma

    Smouldering myeloma is a disease classified as intermediate in a spectrum of step-wise progressive diseases termed plasma cell dyscrasias.In this spectrum of diseases, a clone of plasma cells secreting monoclonal paraprotein (also termed myeloma protein or M protein) causes the relatively benign disease of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.

  7. IGL@ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGL@

    n/a Ensembl n/a n/a UniProt n a n/a RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a n/a Location (UCSC) n/a n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Immunoglobulin lambda locus, also known as IGL@, is a region on the q arm of human chromosome 22, region 11.22 (22q11.22) that contains genes for the lambda light chains of antibodies (or immunoglobulins). Function Immunoglobulins recognize ...

  8. Reference ranges for blood tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ranges_for_blood...

    In this article, all values (except the ones listed below) denote blood plasma concentration, which is approximately 60–100% larger than the actual blood concentration if the amount inside red blood cells (RBCs) is negligible.

  9. Lambda-CDM model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model

    The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark ... (above 10 000 K) for several hundred thousand years, ... They performed an integration of the baryonic mass-to-light ratio over ...