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Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point when its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. It is primarily affected by the original speed of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface, [Note 1] and negligibly by the tires' rolling resistance and vehicle's air drag.
d MT = braking distance, m (ft) V = design speed, km/h (mph) a = deceleration rate, m/s 2 (ft/s 2) Actual braking distances are affected by the vehicle type and condition, the incline of the road, the available traction, and numerous other factors. A deceleration rate of 3.4 m/s 2 (11.2 ft/s 2) is used to determine stopping sight distance. [6]
British Railway Class 90 infobox showing brake force Brake force to weight ratio of the Class 67 is higher than some other locomotives. In the case of railways, it is important that staff are aware of the brake force of a train so sufficient brake power will be available to bring the train to a halt within the required distance from a given speed.
The time to traverse your stopping distance at travel speed should not be confused with the braking time to come to a full stop, which is a number nearly twice this value ( t= v / μ g +t ptr). As one is continually slowing down while braking, it will naturally take longer to get to the stopping limit.
In nuclear and materials physics, stopping power is the retarding force acting on charged particles, typically alpha and beta particles, due to interaction with matter, resulting in loss of particle kinetic energy. [1] [2] Stopping power is also interpreted as the rate at which a material absorbs the kinetic energy of a charged particle.
The stopping distance s is also shortest when acceleration a is at the highest possible value compatible with road conditions: the equation s=ut + 1/2 at 2 makes s low when a is high and t is low. How much braking force to apply to each wheel depends both on ground conditions and on the balance of weight on the wheels at each instant in time.
The two-second rule is useful as it can be applied to any speed. Drivers can find it difficult to estimate the correct distance from the car in front, let alone remember the stopping distances that are required for a given speed, or to compute the equation on the fly. The two-second rule provides a simpler way of perceiving the distance.
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion. [ 1 ] In classical mechanics , the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is 1 2 m v 2 {\textstyle {\frac {1}{2}}mv^{2}} .