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Nitrogen gas is an industrial gas produced by the fractional distillation of liquid air, or by mechanical means using gaseous air (pressurised reverse osmosis membrane or pressure swing adsorption). Nitrogen gas generators using membranes or pressure swing adsorption (PSA) are typically more cost and energy efficient than bulk-delivered ...
Nitrogen makes up 25 parts per million of the Earth's crust, 5 parts per million of soil on average, 100 to 500 parts per trillion of seawater, and 78% of dry air. Most nitrogen on Earth is in nitrogen gas, but some nitrate minerals exist. Nitrogen makes up 2.5% of a typical human by weight. [citation needed]
Liquid nitrogen's efficiency as a coolant is limited by the fact that it boils immediately on contact with a warmer object, enveloping the object in an insulating layer of nitrogen gas bubbles. This effect, known as the Leidenfrost effect , occurs when any liquid comes in contact with a surface which is significantly hotter than its boiling point.
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Its bonding is similar to that in nitrogen, but one extra electron is added to a π* antibonding orbital and thus the bond order has been reduced to approximately 2.5; hence dimerisation to O=N–N=O is unfavourable except below the boiling point (where the cis isomer is more stable) because it does not actually increase the total bond order ...
Nitrogen is a fundamental nutrient in agriculture, playing a crucial role in plant growth and development. It is an essential component of proteins, enzymes, chlorophyll, and nucleic acids, all of which are essential for various metabolic processes within plants. [2]
At 32.5 K (just below the boiling point of H 2) and 15 atm, the maximum molar concentration of dissolved N 2 is 7.0 × 10 −6. [15] Nitrogen and oxygen are miscible in liquid phase but separate in solid phase. Thus excess nitrogen (melting at 63 K) or oxygen (melting at 55 K) freeze out first, and the eutectic liquid air freezes at 50 K. [16]
Reactive nitrogen ("Nr"), also known as fixed nitrogen [1], refers to all forms of nitrogen present in the environment except for molecular nitrogen (N 2 ). [ 2 ] While nitrogen is an essential element for life on Earth, molecular nitrogen is comparatively unreactive, and must be converted to other chemical forms via nitrogen fixation before it ...